The 18650 batteries are lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. The scientific name for them is 18650 cells. They have a 3.7V voltage and have capacities between 1800 mAh and 3500 mAh.
If you are new to LiPo batteries, then this is your first step into the technological future. LiPo, short for lithium polymer, is a type of rechargeable lithium battery that uses a polymer electrolyte in place of the normal liquid one.
The usage of batteries is very common and it's available in different sizes and capacities. From a button cell to a car battery, all types of batteries are run with the same technology but different capacity.
Passivation is a phenomenon that affects lithium batteries. In general, passivation is a thin layer film of Lithium Chloride (LiCl) that forms on the surface of the lithium anode.