"Lithium battery" is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and uses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. In 1912, the lithium metal battery was first proposed and studied by GilbertN. Lewis. In the 1970s, M.S. Whittingham proposed and began to study lithium-ion batteries. Due to the very lively chemical properties of lithium metals, the processing, preservation, and use of lithium metals require very high environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have now become the mainstream.
Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and can be charged. The fifth-generation lithium metal battery of rechargeable batteries was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate, and performance price are better than those of lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high-tech requirements, companies in only a few countries are now producing this lithium metal battery.
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