Is the battery of pure electric car all three element lithium electricity?

From the large category, there are two major types of batteries for electric cars, batteries and fuel cells. The battery is suitable for Yuchun electric vehicles, including lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydrogen batteries, sodium sulfur batteries, secondary lithium batteries, and air batteries. Among them, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and nickel-metal hydride batteries appeared earlier, and they are also battery types that have been generally eliminated. Today, mainstream pure electric vehicles are basically lithium batteries, mainly including lithium cobalt acid batteries., such as Tesla products; Lithium manganate batteries, such as Toyota Prius, Nissan Leaf; Lithium iron phosphate batteries, such as BYD products, NO1 E, etc..

Lead acid batteries are the most commonly used new energy car batteries. The polar plate of the lead-acid battery is a grid made of lead alloy, the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid, and both polar plates are covered with lead sulfate. However, after charging, lead sulfate is converted into lead dioxide on the positive pole plate, and lead sulfate is converted into metal lead at the negative pole. When discharging, a chemical reaction in the opposite direction occurs. The advantage of lead-acid batteries is that the electromotive force is relatively stable during discharge, and the disadvantage is that it is smaller than energy and more corrosive to the environment.

Nickel-metal hydride batteries have a wide range of applications in hybrid new energy vehicles. They have a large energy density ratio and can effectively extend the driving time of vehicles. Moreover, the discharge characteristics of nickel-metal hydride batteries are smooth, the discharge curve is smooth, and the heat is small, but the volume is large and polluted.

Compared with lead-acid batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries have advantages such as high operating voltage, large specific energy, small volume, light mass, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect, and no pollution. Therefore, More and more automobile manufacturers have chosen to use lithium-ion batteries as power batteries for pure electric vehicles.

There are three most commonly used lithium ion batteries, namely lithium cobalt acid batteries, lithium manganese batteries, and lithium iron phosphate batteries. Lithium cobalt acid battery has high efficiency, high discharge current, high charging speed and light weight; But the disadvantage is that the stability is relatively poor, which is why this battery technology is difficult to make large-capacity battery units. The lithium manganese acid battery has a slightly lower cost and is not as radical as lithium cobalt acid. The low temperature performance is better and it is more suitable for use in cold areas. However, the high temperature stability is not good enough to swell, and the service cycle life decays faster.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries are called the safest vehicle battery technology because the stability of lithium iron phosphate batteries, especially at high temperatures, is much more stable than that of lithium cobalt phosphate batteries and lithium manganese batteries. Accidents such as fires are also less likely to occur in the event of an accident. But lithium-iron phosphate batteries are less efficient than the two battery technologies mentioned above. The weight required to store the same energy is about twice that of lithium cobalt acid batteries. No wonder this new battery technology is not a choice for high-performance electric sports cars.

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