Acidic Batteries-Features and Comparison

Acidic batteries, such as the lead-acid batteries, are a type of rechargeable batteries that were first invented by French Physicist Gaston Plante in 1859. Lead-acid battery was the first type of rechargeable acid battery to be created. 

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Modern rechargeable batteries have reasonably low energy density as compared to lead-acid batteries. However, lead-acid batteries have the ability to supply very high surge currents. This means that the power-to-weight ratio of the cells is relatively high. These features, coupled with their low cost, are what make them attractive and most preferred for use in motor vehicles as the source of high current that starter motors require.  

Compared to newer technologies, lead-acid batteries are relatively expensive. It is this reason why they are widely used even in situations where other designs could conveniently provide higher energy densities, and even in situations where surge current is not very important. In 1999, acid battery sales, particularly lead-acid battery sales, impressively accounted for about 40 to 50 percent of the value from all the batteries sold worldwide. 

Large-format lead-acid designs are commonly used for storage, particularly in backup power supplies in stand-alone power setting systems, cell phone towers, and high-availability settings like hospitals. For these roles, people and companies can use modified versions of the ordinary cell to reduce maintenance requirements and improve storage times . Absorbed glass-mat and gel-cells are very common in these roles, collectively referred to as valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries. 

Acidic Flow Batteries

Acid flow batteries are a type of batteries that consist of 2 tanks of electrolytes, which are typically pumped into a reactor from which they generate a charge. They are a kind of electrochemical ES that consists of 2 chemical components, which are dissolved in liquid with a membrane at the boundary. Charging and discharging of acid flow batteries takes occurs when ion transfers through the membrane from one component to another component. 

There are several advantages of acid flow batteries, with the biggest one being the capability of pack in very large volumes. The storage needs of the renewable energy sources has been increasing, leading to considerable increased interest in acid flow batteries. 

High-capacity acid flow batteries that have giant tanks of electrolytes have the capability to store a very large amount of electricity. Nevertheless, the biggest issue when it comes to using these types of batteries is that the materials used in them are very expensive. One of these materials is vanadium, which costs a lot. 

This is a type of battery that stores electricity in a tank of liquid electrolyte, which is pumped through electrodes so as to extract the electrons. When the battery is charging, PV panels, grid inputs, or wind turbines is used to provide electrons to recharge the electrolytes. During the storing period, the electrolyte is typically stored in the tank. The liquid electrolyte is pumped via electrodes to extract the electrons as well as to generate electricity.  

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Alkaline vs Acidic Batteries 

Batteries are often categorized by the type of electrolyte that has been used in their construction. For starters, an electrolyte is simply a chemical substance containing free ions, which are electrically conductive. Common table salt is a good example of an electrolyte. It consist of negative charged chloride ions and positive charged sodium ions. 

Basically, we have 3 main common classifications, namely alkaline, acid, and mildly acid. The difference goes beyond simple distinct chemistry because alkaline batteries have different performance characteristics and different power than their non-alkaline cousins.  

Alkaline batteries basically use potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide as the major component of the electrolyte. These types of batteries are usually used in applications where high and long-lasting energy output is required, such as flash cameras, pagers, portable CD players and radios, and cellular phones. 

Acid-based batteries mostly use sulpphuric acid as the main component of electrolyte. These batteries are the ones used in automobiles. 

The electrolyte used in the mildly acid batteries is generally less corrosive as compared to the typical acid-based batteries. It often include a variety of salts, which produce the desired acidity level. The inexpensive household batteries are usually mildly acidic batteries. 

So, which one is better? Well, it depends on several factors, but everyone agrees that chemically speaking, the alkaline batteries have a slight performance edge over acidic batteries or non-alkaline batteries. However, acidic batteries and mildly acidic batteries are less expensive, dependable, and substitutable with alkaline battery use. 

Are Batteries Acidic or Basic?

The simplest answer is; there are acidic batteries and there are basic batteries. The basic batteries are often referred to as alkaline batteries. As already been mentioned in this write-up, acid-based batteries basically have sulphuric acid as the main component of the electrolyte. On the other hand, alkaline often use potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide as the major component of the electrolyte. 

Compared to acidic batteries, basic batteries have longer shelf life. They tend to have much higher energy density that what is found in other batteries. This is what allows alkaline batteries to produce good amount of energy while also lasting longer. 

Remember that batteries have a positive electrode or anode, and negative electrode or cathode. In an alkaline battery, the cathode are usually the magnesium oxide while the anode is usually the zinc. Modern basic batteries also have carbon in their cathode mix.

To understand how alkaline works, one needs to understand the chemical reaction of magnesium oxide and zinc oxide. In the zinc anode, there is a buildup of excess electron caused by the interaction with the ions of potassium hydroxide in the zinc anode. This buildup causes an electrical difference between the cathode and anode. Furthermore, due to the buildup of electrons, particularly in the zinc anode, they usually move somewhere else. In a basic battery, these excessive electrons are supposed to be moving in the magnesium oxide cathode. Since there is no any direct connection between the magnesium cathode and the anode, this is typically impossible by default. 

When buying a battery, you should first find out what your needs are so you can know which type will best serve you.